This report analyzes Turkey’s communications, internet, and media industries from 2019 to 2021, highlighting significant growth in sectors like wireless, digital games, internet advertising, and digital music. In contrast, traditional media such as newspapers and television showed minimal growth, and film exhibition revenues declined sharply due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The telecommunications sector is highly concentrated, dominated by Turkcell, Vodafone, and state-owned Turk Telekom, with limited cross-ownership regulations. The media landscape is controlled by a few politically connected conglomerates aligned with the government. Foreign companies hold major market shares in telecommunications and internet services, while US tech giants dominate key internet applications. Despite substantial revenue growth across sectors, a lack of comprehensive data and weak information disclosure policies hinder independent research and public understanding of Turkey’s media economy.

Recommended citation: Yesil, B., & Aydınlı, S. (2024). “Media and Internet Concentration in Turkey, 2019-2022.” Global Media and Internet Concentration Project. https://doi.org/10.22215/gmicp/2024.9.792.